A one-tailed test does not examine the possibility that the non-expected outcome may result. In this paper, I shall outline the statistical concepts of significance and power and the way.
If there is a strong prior expectation of either psi-hitting or psi-missing, the statistical analysis may be carried out on the basis of a one-tailed test. of analysis of the trial is not the patient, but the doctor. Depending on the direction of the results, the analysis reports the results for either psi-hitting or psi-missing, as appropriate. If this probability is low (generally 0.05 or less), the results are said to be statistically significant and are therefore possible evidence of psi, or paranormal ability. The z test calculates the probability ( p) of obtaining results which differ from the MCE to the extent observed. If 50 trials are completed, MCE = 50 x 2.5 = 125. Categorical data will be summarized by the number and percentage of subjects falling within each category. 3 STATISTICAL METHODS 3.1 General Considerations Tabular summaries will be presented by treatment group.
For example, if there are 4 targets in the judging set, the average rank = (1+2+3+4)/4 = 2.5. sample size calculations, as this value was statistically conservative (ie, had the highest variability).
The latter is known as the Mean Chance Expectation (MCE) and is equal to (number of trials) x (average of the ranks in the judging set). This compares the obtained Sum of Ranks with the Sum of Ranks expected by chance. The statistical procedure used is the z-test performed on the Sum of Ranks (sometimes called the "Sum of Ranks Test").